Page 24 - Fpgee Question And Answer 2024 Edition

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disease conditions; examples include converted to Adenosine Diphosphate. ATP is
docosahexaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid. generated by energy-yielding reactions in cells such
as decomposition of glucose. The breakdown of ATP
It is not only important to incorporate good sources molecules is accomplished by an enzyme called
of omega-3 and omega-6s in a diet, but also Adenosine Triphosphatase.
consume these fatty acids in the proper ratio.
Omega-6 fatty acids compete with omega-3 fatty 735.(b) Persantine (Dipyridamole) is classified as a
acids for use in the body, and therefore excessive platelets aggregation inhibitor. It is indicated as an
intake of omega-6 fatty acids can inhibit the use of adjunct therapy with Warfarin (Coumadin) for
omega-3 fatty acids by the body. patients with cardiac valve replacements, and with
aspirin to reduce the risk of stroke. It inhibits the
Ideally, the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids uptake of adenosine by erythrocytes and tissues.
should be between 1:1 and 4:1. Instead, most This will increase the concentration of adenosine-
Americans consume these fatty acids at a ratio of induced effects such as coronary dilation, relaxation
omega-6: omega-3 between 10:1 and 25:1, and are of smooth muscles, and inhibition of platelets
consequently unable to reap the benefits of omega- aggregation. Hypotension, nausea, dyspepsia, and
3s. bleeding are reported side effects of the drug. The
recommended dose is 150 to 400 mg per day.
This imbalance is due to a reliance on processed
foods and oils, which are now common in the 736.(b) The intramuscular route for administration
Western diet. To combat this issue it is necessary to of Heparin generally produces the high risk of
eat a low-fat diet with minimal processed foods and hematoma, and should be strictly avoided.
with naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acids. A
lower omega-6: omega-3 ratio is desirable for 737.(b) Heparin therapy should be monitored by
reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. regularly checking Activated Partial Thromboplastin
Time (APTT). Coumadin therapy can be monitored
Arachidonic acid is not one of the essential fatty by regularly checking INR (International Normalize
acids. However, it does become essential if there is Ratio).
a deficiency in linoleic acid or if there is an inability
to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. 738.(a, b and d) The risk of bleeding with Warfarin
(Coumadin) therapy increases with simultaneous
733. (a) β-Chlorobutyric acid. administration of enzyme inhibitor drugs such as
Cefamandole, Cephalosporin, Cimetidine and
γ Chlorpropamide. Phenobarbital normally increases
α β the metabolism of other drugs and may reduce the

pharmacological effects and bleeding associated
with Warfarin.

739.(c) Antihemophilic factors are the drugs of
The carbon attached to the principal group (COOH) choice for the treatment of hemophilia. In classical
should be named as alpha (α)-carbon, and hemophilia, there is a deficiency of the plasma
subsequent carbons should be denoted by beta (β) clotting factor VIII which will cause bleeding
and gamma (γ). disorders. The administration of antihemophilic
factors from outside reduces the risk of potential
734.(c) The principal energy-carrying molecule in a bleeding.
cell is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). It consists of
an adenosine unit of adenine and ribose joined to 740.(d) Intrauterine device (IUD) is the mechanical
three phosphate groups. It releases energy when device with the least risk of pregnancy. The risk of

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