Page 19 - Fpgee Question And Answer 2024 Edition

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to be swollen, tender and sore, even if it is slightly eardrum, the ossicular chain (hammer, anvil, and
touched. stirrup - or malleus, incus, and stapes), the
eustachian tube, and the outer surface of the oval
382.(d) The cerebellum is a two-lobed region of the and round windows (fenestrae). The inner ear
brain located behind the brainstem. The cerebellum includes the vestibule, the semicircular canals, the
receives messages concerning balance, posture, inner surface of the oval and round windows, and
muscle tone and muscle contraction or extension. the cochlea.
Working in coordination with the basal ganglia and
thalamus, the cerebellum integrates, adjusts and The internal ear has the organ of Corti for hearing in
refines messages transmitted to muscle groups the cochlea and three cristae and two maculae to
from the cerebral cortex (i.e. motor cortex). Thus, control the equilibrium. Crista controls dynamic
the cerebellum plays an essential role in producing equilibrium and angular acceleration whereas
smooth, coordinated voluntary movements; macula controls static equilibrium and linear
maintaining proper posture; and sustaining balance. acceleration.

384. (b) Kwashiorkor is a protein-deficient
malnutrition disorder. It is usually seen in children.
Skin lesions, edema, anorexia, depigmented hair
and a decrease in plasma albumin concentration are
common symptoms associated with this disease.

Marasmus is also known as a protein deficit
disorder. It occurs due to chronic deficiency of
calories and can occur even in the presence of
intake of adequate protein. Weakness, anemia and
extreme muscle weakness are common symptoms
associated with this disease.

The cerebrum is the brain’s largest section. It can be 385. (b) Immunoglobulins are in the antibody class
divided into two parts: the left and right cerebral of proteins. They can be subdivided into five major
hemispheres. These hemispheres are joined by the categories.
corpus callosum, which enables “messages” to be
delivered between the two halves. The right side of IgG: It is the major immunoglobulin found in blood.
the brain controls the left side of the body, and vice It accounts for 75% of the serum immunoglobulin
versa. Each hemisphere also has four lobes that are and 20% of plasma protein. It is the only
responsible for different functions: frontal immunoglobulin that can cross the placental barrier
(behavior, emotions, problem solving); temporal to provide protection to a fetus. It is the only class
(short-term memory, identification of sound and of immunoglobulin whose Fc region can be
smell); parietal (touch, language comprehension), recognized by phagocytosis and NK cells.
and occipital (visual processing, shape and color
identification). IgM: It is the first immunoglobulin produced by
the body in response to antigen. It accounts for 5 to
383. (a) The ear is the organ of hearing, which is 10% of total immunoglobulins. It is the first
divided into three parts: the outer, middle, and immunoglobulin that is formed by the fetus;
inner ear. The external ear includes the sound- however it cannot cross the placenta due to its
collecting visible portion (auricle or pinna), the large size.
outer ear canal (external auditory meatus), and the
outer surface of the eardrum (tympanum). The
middle ear includes the inner surface of the

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