Page 26 - Reference Guide For Foreign Pharmacy Licensing Exam Theory

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Stability of emulsion:

The stability of emulsion can be evaluated by phase separation, globule size, flow properties and the effect of
thermal stress on emulsion.

The rate and degree of phase separation in an emulsion can be calculated by measuring the volume of
separated phases after definite time intervals.

Tablets and Capsules:

Tablet and capsules fall under the category of oral solid dosage forms.

Tablets are further classified into the following categories:

a. Oral tablet
b. Chewable tablet
c. Buccal tablet
d. Sublingual tablet
e. Lozenges
f. Solution tablet (Solu-tab)
g. Effervescent tablet

a. Oral tablet: It is meant to be swallowed. The tablet disintegrates in the stomach and dissolves in G.I. fluid. The
medication is then slowly absorbed from the G. I. fluid into systematic circulation.

b. Enteric coated tablets: They are designed to release medication in the small intestine. The coating of the
tablets is meant to dissolve with an alkaline pH, and therefore it by passes the stomach.

c. Chewable tablets: They are meant to be chewed between teeth. These types of tablets are designed for
children, older patients, or patients having difficulties in swallowing.

d. Buccal/sublingual tablets: Buccal tablets are designed to stay in the buccal cavity while sublingual tablets are
designed to stay under the tongue. The principal advantage of sublingual tablets is their rapid onset of action
and ability to bypass liver metabolism.

e. Lozenges: They are meant to provide local rather than systematic action. They provide local action to throat
issues. They dissolve slowly in the mouth and provide prolonged action. They do not contain any disintegrant.

f. Solution tablets: They are dissolved completely in water to produce a solution. The principal advantage of
such tablets is their rapid onset of action, accuracy of dosage and immediate onset of action.

g. Effervescent tablets: They provide effervescent when dissolved in water. They dissolve completely in water.
Most antacids, analgesics and antipyretic products are available as effervescent tablets or in powder form.

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