Page 12 - Pharmacy College Admission Test Review Book

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Biology Processes Answers

1. (b) Green plants, with the help of sunlight
and in the presence of enzymes, synthesize 5.(a) Each cell has two main components -
organic compounds like starch from inorganic Cytoplasm and the nucleus. Usually there is a
compounds like CO and H O. This is known as nucleus in the cell. Organisms without any
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photosynthesis. Chloroplast is the organelle to cytoplasmic organizations and devoid of
perform photosynthesis. Plants that are devoid definite nuclear material are grouped as
of chloroplast cannot synthesize starch. Akaryota. (e.g. Virus).

2.(c) Mitochondria is known as the “power Organisms having a primitive type of nucleus in
house of the cell.” It is involved in the cell are classified Prokaryotae (e.g. Bacteria and
continuous production of energy. It releases Blue green algae.) Organisms having a cell with
necessary energy for different functions of the a well-developed nucleus are grouped as
cell through processes like respiration, electron Eukaryota (e.g. Fungi-yeast, mushroom).
transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
6.(d) Nucleolus and nuclear membranes are
3.(b) The chemical reactions taking place in absent in prokaryotic organisms. A comparison
the systems of organisms are classified into two of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells follows:
categories:
Prokaryotic Cells

1. Exothermic reactions
Cell Organelles Bacterial Cell
2. Endothermic reactions
Nucleus Poorly developed
Exothermic reactions are those which release
Nuclear membrane Absent
energy at the end of the process and
endothermic reactions are those which absorb Nucleolus Absent
energy. Production of ATP (Adenosine Chromosomes Only DNA
Triphosphate) is classified as an endothermic
Cell wall Present
reaction since it requires energy, while
utilization of ATP is classified as an exothermic Plasma membrane Present
reaction since it releases energy.
Mitochondria Absent

4.(a) The term “protoplasm” was first used by Chloroplast Absent
the scientist Hugovan Mohle in 1845. Then later Vacuoles Absent
on Schultz and Huxley described protoplasm as
Golgi body Absent
a physical basis of life. It is because of
protoplasm that every organism, during its life Endoplastic reticulum Absent
span, can carry on physiological processes like
Centrosome Absent
movement, respiration, digestion, excretion,
reproduction, etc. The activity of protoplasm Ribosome Present
means life, and its passivity means death.

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