At 1000 mg dose, Acetaminophen is usually effective treating which of the following Migraine related symptoms? [Select ALL THAT APPLY]
a. Nausea b. Vomiting c. Blurry vision d. Photophobia e. Phonophobia
At 1000 mg dose, Acetaminophen is usually effective treating which of the following Migraine related symptoms?[Select ALL THAT APPLY]
a. Nausea b. Vomiting c. Blurry vision d. Photophobia e. Phonophobia
Answer: (d,e). Acetaminophen has been shown in studies to reduce pain, as well as improve photophobia and phonophobia in individuals with migraine and tension-type headache. They have not been shown to improve symptoms of nausea, vomiting, or blurry vision with migraine.
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Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the tension-type headaches? [Select ALL THAT APPLY]
a. Pain associated with this type of headache is unilateral b. Mild photophobia or phonophobia is reported with the headache c. Routine physical activity usually aggravates the headache d. Headache has fast onset of action and last for few hours. e. It is also known as stress headache.
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the tension-type headaches? [Select ALL THAT APPLY]
a. Pain associated with this type of headache is unilateral b. Mild photophobia or phonophobia is reported with the headache c. Routine physical activity usually aggravates the headache d. Headache has fast onset of action and last for few hours. e. It is also known as stress headache.
Answer: (a,c,d)
1. Tension-type headaches often are caused by stress, depression, anxiety, emotional conflicts, or other stimuli.
2. They are sometimes called stress headaches and may result from pericranial muscle contraction.
3. Patients experience bilateral symptoms that may be over the top of the head to the neck and vary from diffuse ache to tight, pressing, and constricting pain.
4. They have gradual onset and may last minutes to days.
5. They are not accompanied by nausea or vomiting but may have either mild photophobia or phonophobia.
6. Routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs does not aggravate the headache.
7. Tension-type headaches may be episodic or chronic. Episodic headaches occur less than 15 days per month. Chronic headaches occur 15 or more days per month for at least 3 months.
Medication-overuse headache is generally classified as a:
a. Primary-headache b. Secondary-headache c. Tertiary-headache d. Category II-headache e. Category V-headache
Medication-overuse headache is generally classified as a:
a. Primary-headache b. Secondary-headache c. Tertiary-headache d. Category II-headache e. Category V-headache
Answer (b): Headaches are classified as primary or secondary according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 2018.
Primary headaches are not caused by underlying illness. ICHD further classifies primary headaches as tension-type headache, migraine, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, or other primary headache disorders.
Secondary headaches are associated with an underlying condition (e.g., head injury or trauma, infection, stroke, substance withdrawal, or facial or cranial disorders).
Medication-overuse headaches are considered secondary by ICHD although they are not caused by an underlying disease (but are attributed to the withdrawal effect of analgesic medication).
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The simultaneous administration of which of the following with Qdolo is considered as a duplication of therapy?
a. Lopressor b. Humira c. Ultram d. Ritalin e. Levaquin
The simultaneous administration of which of the following with Qdolo is considered as a duplication of therapy?
a. Lopressor b. Humira c. Ultram d. Ritalin e. Levaquin
Answer: (c).
The active ingredient found in Qdolo is Tramadol hydrochloride. It is available as an oral solution. It is a schedule IV controlled substance. The simultaneous administration of Ultram (Tramadol) with Qdolo (Tramadol) is considered duplication of therapy; concurrent use should be avoided.
Qdolo is an opioid agonist indicated in adults for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. Start at 25 mg/day and titrate in 25 mg increments as separate doses every 3 days to reach 100 mg/day (25 mg four times a day). Thereafter the total daily dose may be increased by 50 mg as tolerated every 3 days to reach 200 mg /day (50 mg four times a day). After titration, Qdolo 50 mg to 100 mg can be administered as needed for pain relief every 4 to 6 hours not to exceed 400 mg/day.
Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate; limit dosages and durations to the minimum required; and follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.
Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, especially within the first 24-72 hours of initiating therapy and following dosage increases with Qdolo and adjust the dosage accordingly.
The most common incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events in patients from clinical trials were dizziness/vertigo, nausea, constipation, headache, somnolence, vomiting and pruritus.
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ABOUT Spravato? [Select ALL THAT APPLY].
a. It is indicated for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. b. Lketamine is its active ingredient. c. It is a schedule IV controlled substance. d. It is a non-competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. e. It is available as a nasal spray.
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ABOUT Spravato? [Select ALL THAT APPLY].
a. It is indicated for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. b. Lketamine is its active ingredient. c. It is a schedule IV controlled substance. d. It is a non-competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. e. It is available as a nasal spray.
Answer: (a,d,e)
The active ingredient found in Spravato is Esketamine. It is available in a nasal spray. It is a schedule III controlled substance.
Spravato is a non-competitive N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist indicated, in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, for the treatment of:
1. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults.
2. Depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior.
Spravato is administered intranasally under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
The recommended dosage of Spravato (Esketamine) for the treatment of depressive symptoms in adults with MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior is 84 mg twice per week for 4 weeks. Dosage may be reduced to 56 mg twice per week based on tolerability.
Spravato (Esketamine) is for nasal use only. The nasal spray device delivers a total of 28 mg of Esketamine. To prevent loss of medication, do not prime the device before use. Use 2 devices (for a 56 mg dose) or 3 devices (for an 84 mg dose), with a 5-minute rest between use of each device.
Dissociation, dizziness, nausea, sedation, vertigo, hypoesthesia, anxiety, lethargy, blood pressure increased, vomiting, and feeling drunk are commonly reported side effects of Spravato.
Because of the risks for sedation, dissociation, and abuse and misuse, Spravato (Esketamine) is only available through a restricted program called the Spravato (Esketamine) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program.
Spravato (Esketamine) can only be administered at healthcare settings certified in the Spravato (Esketamine) REMS Program and to patients enrolled in the program.
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Kesimpta (Ofatumumab) is indicated for the treatment of:
a. Hypertension b. Gout c. Multiple sclerosis d. Type II diabetes e. Parkinsonism
Kesimpta (Ofatumumab) is indicated for the treatment of:
a. Hypertension b. Gout c. Multiple sclerosis d. Type II diabetes e. Parkinsonism
The active ingredient found in Kesimpta is Ofatumumab. It is available in a single-dose prefilled syringe.
Kesimpta (Ofatumumab) is a CD20-directed cytolytic antibody indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.
The precise mechanism by which Ofatumumab exerts its therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis is unknown, but is presumed to involve binding to CD20, a cell surface antigen present on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Following cell surface binding to B lymphocytes, ofatumumab results in antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis and complement-mediated lysis.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and quantitative serum immunoglobulins screening are required before the first dose.
Initial Dosing: 20 mg subcutaneously administered at Week 0, 1, and 2.
Respiratory tract infection, headache, injection-related reactions, and local injection site reactions are reported side effects of drug.
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Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ABOUT Winlevi? [Select ALL THAT APPLY].
a. The active ingredient is Clascoterone. b. It is an estrogen receptor inhibitor. c. Indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris. d. It should only be used in patients 12 years of age or younger. e. It is available as topical gel.
Which of the following statements is/are TRUE ABOUT Winlevi? [Select ALL THAT APPLY].
a. The active ingredient is Clascoterone. b. It is an estrogen receptor inhibitor. c. Indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris. d. It should only be used in patients 12 years of age or younger. e. It is available as topical gel.
Answer: (a,c).
The active ingredient found in Winlevi is Clascoterone. It is available as cream. Each gram of Winlevi cream contains 10 mg of Clascoterone. It is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older. Erythema/reddening, pruritus, scaling/dryness, edema, stinging, and burning are commonly reported side effects of Winlevi.
Clascoterone is first-in-class topical androgen receptor inhibitor that tackles the androgen hormone component of acne in both males and females. Androgen receptor inhibitors act by limiting the effects of these hormones on increasing sebum production and inflammation.
Acne is a multifactorial skin condition, affected by four distinct pathways: excess oil (sebum) production, clogged pores (hyperkeratinization), bacteria growth (C. acnes), and inflammation. Topical treatment options that target androgens, which largely drive sebum production and inflammation, presented a significant unmet need in the acne treatment market until now.
Elevated potassium levels (Hyperkalemia) were observed in some patients during the clinical trials.
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What is the principal advantage of Olinvyk, a newly approved opioid pain reliever, over available other opioid analgesics?
a. Cheap b. Less chance of abuse c. no dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment d. does not cause fatal respiratory depression e. more patient compliance due to its oral dosage form
What is the principal advantage of Olinvyk, a newly approved opioid pain reliever, over available other opioid analgesics?
a. Cheap b. Less chance of abuse c. no dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment d. does not cause fatal respiratory depression e. more patient compliance due to its oral dosage form
Answer: (c). Olinvyk is an opioid agonist that is the first new chemical entity in this IV drug class in decades and offers a differentiated profile that addresses a significant unmet need in the acute pain management landscape. Olinvyk delivers IV opioid efficacy with a rapid 2-5 minute onset of action. In addition, Olinvyk requires no dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment, a large patient population with significant medical complications.
"Complex patients present unique challenges in the management of their postoperative acute pain, due to the presence of medical comorbidities that can complicate dosing," said Gregory Hammer, M.D., Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, and of Pediatrics at Stanford University. "Olinvyk represents a new alternative for clinicians, due to its rapid onset of action, effective pain relief, and unique profile."
The active ingredient found in Olinvyk is Oliceridine. It is available in injection dosage form. Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve Olinvyk for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options [e.g., non-opioid analgesics or opioid combination products]:
1. Have not been tolerated, or are not expected to be tolerated 2. Have not provided adequate analgesia, or are not expected to provide adequate analgesia.
The cumulative total daily dose should not exceed 27 mg.
Dosage Administration:
1. Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals.
2. Individualize dosing based on the severity of pain, patient response, prior analgesic experience, and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse.
3. Initiate treatment with a 1.5 mg dose.
4. For patient controlled analgesia (PCA), recommended demand dose is 0.35 mg, with a 6-minute lock-out. A demand dose of 0.5 mg may be considered.
Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur. Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation or following a dose increase. Concomitant use of Olinvyk with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Concomitant use with Serotonergic Drugs may result in serotonin syndrome. Discontinue Olinvyk if serotonin syndrome is suspected.
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache and hypotension are reported side effects of the drug.
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Who developed a Pharmacy Toolkit to help pharmacists engage and educate patients about the safe use, storage, and disposal of pain medicines?
a. CDC b. CMSA c. ASHP d. AAOA e. FTC
Answer: (d), In collaboration with its pharmacy partners and several state pharmacy associations, Allied Against Opioid Abuse (AAOA) developed a Pharmacy Toolkit to help pharmacists engage and educate patients about the safe use, storage, and disposal of pain medicines.
The AAOA Pharmacy Toolkit includes resources to help pharmacists raise awareness among patients about their rights, risks, and responsibilities associated with prescription opioids.
These resources include: a pharmacy display, patient handout, patient engagement guide, tips for talking with patients and caregivers, prescriber engagement guide, safe storage and disposal training, and social graphics.
To learn more about the Pharmacy Toolkit, please visit:
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